T-Test Calculator
Generate instant statistical T-Scores and specific Degrees of Freedom (df) bounds. Supports both One-Sample and Independent Two-Sample (Welch's Unequal Variance) data testing.
The Mathematics of the T-Score
When researchers claim a study is "statistically significant," they are frequently referring to the results of a T-Test. In simple terms, a T-Test breaks down your data to analyze the signal-to-noise ratio: it compares the variance between your groups against the variance inside your groups.
The One-Sample T-Test Formula
If you want to know if the 30 students in your local chess club have a higher IQ than the national global average, you use the One-Sample equation:
- Numerator (x̄ - μ): The difference between your Local Sample Mean and the large Population Mean.
- Denominator (s / √n): The Standard Error. It is your sample's Standard Deviation divided by the square root of your sample size. It quantifies the 'spread' of your data points.
Welch's Two-Sample Formula
When comparing two unlinked, separate groups (like comparing Plant Type A to Plant Type B height), assuming both groups share the exact same standard deviation variance is scientifically risky. Welch's T-Test handles unequal variances directly:
Frequently Asked Questions
Running a Clinical Trial or Lab?
Share this T-Test calculator with your fellow researchers to rapidly extract T-Values and Welch-Satterthwaite boundaries without opening complex Excel sheets.
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